类型Type

症状Symptom

元素Element

缺素症

Deficiency syndrome

元素过量中毒症

Element overdose poisoning

氮/N

生长势差，叶色浅绿，从底部叶片开始向上逐渐黄枯；茎细弱，花、果少且易早衰，种子也少。

The growth potential is poor, the leaf color is light green, from the bottom of the leaf upward gradually yellow withered; the stem is thin and weak, the flowers and fruits are few and easy to premature aging, and the seeds are also few.

叶色浓绿，叶片大，全株贪青徒长，易患真菌、细菌性病害，易倒伏。

The leaf color is dark green, the leaf is large, the whole plant is green and vain, easy to suffer from fungus, bacterial disease, easy to lodging.

磷/P

长势差，叶色蓝绿甚至发紫，下部叶片有时产生紫铜色或紫褐色斑点，茎短而细，分枝少，谷粒可果实细小。

Poor growth, blue green or even purple leaves, lower leaves sometimes produce copper or purplish brown spots, short and thin stems, little branching, grain can be small fruit.

茎、叶变紫色，早衰。

The stems and leaves turn purple and senescent.

钾/K

枝、茎细弱甚至枯死，老叶褪绿，叶尖变褐，叶缘焦枯或沿叶缘有很多褐色小斑，叶尖坏死，根系短而少，易早衰，植株易倒伏。

The branches and stems are thin and weak, even withered, the old leaves are chlorotic, the leaf tips are brown, the leaf edges are scorched or there are many brown spots along the leaf edges, the leaf tips are necrotic, the roots are short and few, and the plants are prone to premature senescence and lodging.

作物可吸收过量的钾，但一般不表现过剩中毒症。

Crops can absorb excessive potassium, but generally do not show excessive poisoning.

铁/Fe

新叶白化，但主脉仍绿，有时脉间叶肉有褐斑，后期叶片可能枯死或落叶。

New leaves albino, but the main veins are still green, sometimes interveined mesophyll brown spots, later leaves may be dead or deciduous.

下部叶脉间出现小褐斑，从尖端向基部蔓延，严重的叶色呈紫褐或黄褐色，根发黑或腐烂。

Small brown spots appeared between the veins of the lower leaves and spread from the tip to the base. The serious leaf color was purple brown or yellow brown, and the roots were black or rotten.

硫/S

新叶浅绿或鲜黄，不产生任何斑点，叶片上卷变脆易碎，状如缺氮，但老叶不发黄，茎僵直，果荚少。

The new leaves are light green or bright yellow, without any spots. The leaves turn up and become brittle and fragile, like nitrogen deficiency, but the old leaves are not yellow, the stems are stiff, and the pods are few.

旱田不明显，通气不良的水田可致根系中毒发黑。

The dry field is not obvious, and the paddy field with poor ventilation can cause root poisoning and blackening.

镁/Mg

先老叶后幼叶产生褪绿斑驳， 以后变为红斑，叶尖、叶缘上卷，叶片呈勺状，有时落叶。

First old leaves after young leaves to produce green motchy, later into erythema, leaf tip, leaf margin up, leaf spoon-shaped, sometimes deciduous.

可减缓植株的生长速度。

It can slow down the growth of plant.

硼/B

顶芽幼叶变浅绿，.后崩解；茎叶扭曲，植株矮化，果实、肉质茎、根等表面开裂或心部腐坏，如萝卜褐心、菜心空茎、甜菜心腐及裂茎、苹果栓斑、春麦空粒等。

The young leaves of the terminal bud turn light green and finally disintegrate; the stems and leaves are twisted, the plants are dwarfed, and the fruits, fleshy stems and roots are cracked on the surface or rotted in the center, such as the brown heart of radish, the empty stem of cabbage, the rotten and cracked stem of beet, the apple bolt spot, and the empty grain of spring wheat.

叶片黄化，严重时变褐焦枯。

Leaf yellowing, serious time - changing brown burnt dry.

钙/Ca

心叶扭曲，叶尖下钩，叶缘下卷，叶心形状不规则有褐斑，.后顶芽坏死，根系细弱，造成许多植物果实的花蒂腐烂。

The heart leaves are twisted, the tip is hooked, the leaf margin is rolled down, the center of the leaf is irregularly shaped with brown spots, and finally the terminal bud is dead. The root system is thin and weak, causing the pedicle rot of many plant fruits.

作物一般不出现钙过量中毒症。

Generally, there is no excessive calcium poisoning in crops.

锌/Zn

叶片脉间褪绿，以后枯死变紫色，叶片少而小，节间短而茎丛生，结果减少，叶片自下而上依次脱落，如苹果的小叶病、葡萄硬实病、玉米的白尖病等。

Leaves between veins chlorosis, later dead purple, less and small leaves, short internode and caespitose, the results are reduced, leaves fall off from bottom to top, such as apple leaflet disease, grape hard fruit disease, corn white tip disease, etc

新叶黄化，叶和叶柄产生褐色斑点。

The new leaves are yellowing, and the leaves and petioles have brown spots.

铜/Cu

禾谷类作物新叶叶尖凋萎，边缘褪绿，有时叶片不能展而凋萎，抽穗减少，即使抽穗也矮化扭曲。核果类果树枝稍干尖，叶缘烧焦，叶片褪绿丛生。蔬菜停长。

The new leaf tip of cereal crops withered, the edge faded green, sometimes the leaves could not unfold and withered, the heading decreased, even the heading was dwarfed and distorted. Drupe fruit trees have sharp branches, charred leaf margins and chlorotic leaves. Vegetables stop growing.

根系短而细，地上部分叶片失绿，常抑制植物对铁的吸收而致叶片白色。

Roots are short and thin, the aboveground part of the leaves lost green, often inhibit the absorption of iron plants and cause white leaves.

锰/Mn

叶片褪绿，但细脉仍是正常绿色，叶肉上可出现坏死小斑，严重时叶片变褐枯死。

The leaves were chlorotic, but the veinlets were still normal green. Necrotic spots could appear on the mesophyll, and the leaves turned brown and died in severe cases.

水稻上部叶变褐并向内卷，次生根增加，高节位分蘖大量发生。黄瓜中下位叶的网状脉变褐，沿脉产生黄色小斑并渐扩展为条状褐色枯斑，严重时叶柄也变褐黑色，叶片提早干枯。

The upper leaves of Rice turned brown and rolled inward, the secondary roots increased, and tillers at high nodes occurred in large numbers. The reticulate veins of the middle and lower leaves of cucumber turn brown, yellow spots appear along the veins and gradually expand into strip-shaped brown spots. In severe cases, the petioles turn brown and black, and the leaves dry early.

硅/Si

禾谷类作物茎、叶疲软，易倒伏，抗寒力差，易诱发多种真菌性病害。

The stems and leaves of cereal crops are weak, prone to lodging, poor cold resistance, and easy to induce a variety of fungal diseases.

植物一般不出现硅过剩中毒症。

Generally, plants do not have excessive silicon poisoning.

钼/Mo

叶色变浅发黄，易生斑点，边缘焦枯并向内卷曲，老叶叶尖有灰色或褐色坏死斑点，叶脉、叶柄干枯。白菜、萝卜类叶片瘦长畸形，螺旋状扭曲，老叶变厚焦枯。

The leaves turn pale yellow, easy to spot, the edge is scorched and curled inward, the tip of old leaves has gray or brown necrotic spots, and the veins and petioles are dry. The leaves of Chinese cabbage and radish were thin and deformed, twisted spirally, and the old leaves became thick and scorched.

作物一般不发生钼过剩中毒症。

Generally, crops do not have excessive molybdenum poisoning.

钠/Na

植物一般不需要钠元素。

Plants generally do not need sodium.

钠元素过多可发生盐碱害，使植株生长缓慢、衰弱，叶片褪绿产生锈色斑块，根吸水困难，根茎部出现侵蚀性溃疡，甚至整株萎蔫焦枯。

Excessive sodium can cause salt and alkali damage, slow and weak plant growth, chlorotic leaves, rusty patches, difficult root water absorption, erosive ulcer in rhizome, and even wilting and withering of the whole plant.