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硼对作物有哪些营养作用?作物缺硼有何症状?怎样防治?

由于硼不是植物体内的结构成分,不是酶的成分,也不是变价的离子,使得研究它的生理作用造成一定的困难。现在已知的营养作用主要有…

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由于硼不是植物体内的结构成分,不是酶的成分,也不是变价的离子,使得研究它的生理作用造成一定的困难。现在已知的营养作用主要有:

Because boron is not a structural component and enzyme component or an ion with variable valence in plants, it is difficult to study its physiological functions.The main known nutritional effects are:

(1)能促进植物生殖器官的生长发育,据研究表明,硼能加强花粉的萌发和花粉管伸长,有利于受精作用,如花粉中含硼低于3ppm则有可能不能受粉;

It can promote the growth and development of plant reproductive organs. According to research, boron can strengthen pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, which is conducive to fertilization. If boron content in pollen is less than 3ppm, it may not be able to pollinate;

(2)能促进碳水化合物的合成和运输 缺硼会造成碳水化合物合成少,而且运输不畅,滞留在叶中,使到生长点及繁殖器官得不到足够的营养,从而导致生长点生长不良和落花落果。

 It can promote the synthesis and transportation of carbohydrates. Lack of boron will lead to less carbohydrate synthesis and poor transportation, which will stay in the leaves, so that the growth point and reproductive organs can not get enough nutrition, resulting in poor growth and flower and fruit drop.

(3)对蛋白质的合成有影响 构成核糖核酸的一种物质——脲嘧啶的合成需要硼,而蛋白质的合成需要核糖核酸,因此硼不足植物的分化组织生长受到抑制。

It has an effect on the synthesis of protein. The synthesis of uracil, a substance of ribonucleic acid, needs boron, while the synthesis of protein requires RNA. Therefore, the growth of differentiated tissues of plants with boron deficiency is inhibited.

(4)对叶绿素的的形成有影响 根据用溶液培养油菜,缺硼后叶绿素含量显著下降,在开花期测定,缺硼植株比健康植株的叶绿素含量低61.6%

The results showed that the content of chlorophyll decreased significantly after boron deficiency. The chlorophyll content of boron deficient plants was 61.6% lower than that of healthy plants.

此外,硼对加强根瘤菌的固氮能力有良好的影响,如大豆喷硼肥不仅能提高产量,而且含油率也提高了,根瘤数根瘤都增加了。

In addition, boron has a good effect on enhancing the nitrogen fixation capacity of  rhizobia. For example, spraying boron fertilizer on soybean can not only increase the yield, but also increase the oil content and the number of nodules.

作物缺硼的.显著的病症是生长点死亡,不能形成或形成不正常的生殖器官;其次是根系腐烂,形成心腐病,落花落果。

The most significant disease of boron deficiency in crops is the death of growth point, which can't form or form abnormal reproductive organs; the second is root rot, heart rot, flower and fruit drop.

作物缺硼时可喷施0.05-0.1%的硼酸溶液或0.1-0.2%硼砂溶液。平常可进行土壤施硼肥但要注意用量不能多,因土壤中缺硼到中毒的浓度范围很窄。

Crop boron deficiency can spray 0.05-0.1% boric acid solution or 0.1-0.2% borax solution.Usually can be applied to the soil boron fertilizer but should pay attention to the amount of not much, because the lack of boron in the soil to the concentration of poisoning range is very narrow.

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