技术手册

磷对作物的作用是什么?作物缺磷有什么症状?磷过多有害吗?

磷不但是植物体中许多重要化合物的成分,而且以多种方式参与植物的新陈代谢过程。Phosphorus is not only a component of many im…

相关内容
在线留言
详情内容
content details

磷不但是植物体中许多重要化合物的成分,而且以多种方式参与植物的新陈代谢过程。

Phosphorus is not only a component of many important compounds in plants, but also participates in plant metabolism in many ways.

(1)磷是植物体中多种重要化合物的成分,磷是核酸核蛋白的成分,而这些是细胞核和各种细胞器的成分,因此,缺磷会抑制新细胞的形成,使根系发育不良,植株生长停滞,出现生产中常遇到的“僵苗”现象。磷也是磷脂、植素和腺三磷(ATP)的成分,磷脂是细胞生物膜的成分,植株是种子中一种磷的特殊贮存形态并对淀粉的合成有促进作用,腺三磷是一种高能物质,为许多生化过程提供能量。此外,许多酶亦含有磷。

(1) Phosphorus is the component of a variety of important compounds in plants. Phosphorus is the component of nucleic acid protein, which is the component of the nucleus and various organelles. Therefore, lack of phosphorus will inhibit the formation of new cells, resulting in poor root development, plant growth stagnation, and the phenomenon of "dead seedling" often encountered in production.Phosphorus is also a component of phospholipids,Plant hormone and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Phospholipids are components of cell biofilms. Plants are a special storage form of phosphorus in seeds and contribute to starch synthesis.In addition, many enzymes contain phosphorus.

(2)磷与作物主要代谢过程有密切的联系 首先磷有促进碳水化合物的合成和运输的作用;其次磷对蛋白质的合成与分解,都起着重要的作用,严重缺磷对蛋白质只有分解没有合成;磷还有促进脂肪合成的作用。所以施用磷肥对提高作用的蛋白质、糖和油脂含量有良好的效果。

Phosphorus is closely related to the main metabolic processes of crops. Firstly, phosphorus can promote the synthesis and transportation of carbohydrates; secondly, phosphorus plays an important role in the synthesis and decomposition of protein. Severe phosphorus deficiency can only decompose protein but not synthesize it; phosphorus can also promote fat synthesis. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer has a good effect on improving the content of protein, sugar and oil.

(3)磷有提高作物对外界环境适应能力的作用 首先它能增强作物的抗旱和抗寒能力,因为磷能增强细胞抗脱水和忍受较高温的能力,能促进根系的生长发育,并能调节作物体内许多重要的代谢过程;其次,磷能增强作物对外界条件酸碱变化对作物影响的能力,即缓冲能力。此外,磷对提高作物抗病和抗倒伏能力方面也有一定的作用,如马铃薯晚疫病施磷肥后即可减轻。

Phosphorus can improve the adaptability of crops to the external environment First of all, it can enhance the drought resistance and cold resistance of crops, because phosphorus can enhance the ability of cells to resist dehydration and high temperature, promote the growth and development of root system, and regulate many important metabolic processes in crops; secondly, phosphorus can enhance the ability of crops to influence the acid-base changes of external conditions, that is, buffer capacity. In addition, phosphorus also has a certain effect on improving the resistance to disease and lodging of crops, such as potato late blight can be reduced by applying phosphorus fertilizer.

作物缺磷的症状,在形态表现上没有缺氮那样明显。一般来说,有下列症状:

The symptom of crop lack of phosphorus is not so obvious as lack of nitrogen in morphological expression.In general, there are the following symptoms

(1)生长迟缓,植株矮小,禾谷类作物常呈直立状,叶片与茎的角度小,叶狭小;

The growth is slow, the plant is short, cereal crops are usually erect, the angle between leaf and stem is small, and the leaf is narrow.

(2)叶色暗绿或灰绿色,缺乏光泽;某些作物如玉米、番茄、烟草等的枝叶呈现紫红色,有些作物有时出现红苗,严重缺磷时叶片枯死脱落,以上这些症状一般老叶先开始,因磷在植物体中可以再利用;

Leaves dark green or grayish green, lacking luster;Some crops such as corn, tomato, tobacco and other branches and leaves appear purple, some crops sometimes appear red seedlings, serious lack of phosphorus when the leaves die and fall off, the above symptoms generally start old leaves, because phosphorus can be reused in the plant body;

(3)对幼芽及根的生长产生明显的抑制,根细弱而长,则芽表现为休眠状态或死亡。

The growth of buds and roots was inhibited obviously. If the roots were thin and long, the buds were dormant or dead.

磷过多对作物会产生一定的不良影响。磷过多呼吸作用加强,消耗糖多,减少积累,妨碍淀粉合成,禾谷类作物无效分蘖和秕谷增多,豆类作物籽粒蛋白质含量下降,烟草燃烧性差,柑桔果实着色推迟;此外还会引起作物缺锌缺铁。

Excessive phosphorus will have a certain adverse effect on crops. The results showed that excessive phosphorus increased respiration, consumed more sugar, reduced accumulation, hindered starch synthesis, increased ineffective tillers and withered grains of cereal crops, decreased protein content in legumes, poor combustibility of tobacco, delayed coloring of citrus fruits, and zinc deficiency and iron deficiency in crops.

在线留言

LEAVE A MESSAGE