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根外施肥要注意哪些问题?

(1)叶片湿润时间尽量长。根外喷施后叶片湿润时间越长,植物吸收的养分越多。因此,一般选择下午4时以后,或上午九时以前喷施较好,…

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(1)叶片湿润时间尽量长。根外喷施后叶片湿润时间越长,植物吸收的养分越多。因此,一般选择下午4时以后,或上午九时以前喷施较好,中午太阳强烈和大风下雨都不适宜进行。如果是阴天则全天都可进行。

1) the wetting time of the leaf should be as long as possible. The longer the wetting time more nutrients the plant can absorb. Therefore, general choice after 4 pm, or before 9 am spray is better, Sun strong and windy rain are not suitable in the noon . If it's cloudy, you can do it all day.

(2)溶液要充分粘附在叶片上。一般使用性能较好的喷雾器;.好混合少量的“湿润剂”,如中性肥皂或洗涤剂(酸碱性强的都不适宜),浓度一般用0.1-0.2%,以促进养分透入叶内。

2) the solution should adhere fully to the leaf. Generally use better performance of the sprayer; it is best to mix a small amount of "wetting agent" , such as neutral soap or detergent , the concentration of general use 0.1-0.2% , to promote nutrient penetration into the leaves.

(3)营养液的浓度和酸碱度要适当。在允许的浓度范围内溶液浓度越大越有利于叶部的吸收,并可减少配制过多的溶液,浓度太大会灼伤叶片并妨碍吸收。各种作物能忍受的浓度是不同的,一般禾谷类作物可浓些,豆类、果树等双子叶作物可稀些;幼嫩植株可稀些。一般大量营养元素的盐溶液浓度大致为0.2-2%,微量元素的盐溶液大致为0.01-0.1%(或者纯养分浓度0.01%)。

3) the concentration and Ph of the nutrient solution should be appropriate. The higher the concentration of the solution within the allowed concentration range, the better the absorption of the leaf, and can reduce the preparation of too much solution, concentration is too high will burn the leaf and hinder absorption. Different crops can tolerate different concentrations, general cereal crops can be thicker, beans, fruit trees and other dicotyledonous crops can be sparse; young plants can be sparse. In general, the concentration of high-nutrient salt solution is approximately 0.2-2%, the concentration of micronutrient salt solution is approximately 0.01-0.1% (or 0.01% pure nutrient concentration) .

营养液的酸碱度一般要接近中性,过酸过碱都不利于作物吸收养分。溶液过酸过碱应用稀酸或稀碱调节至近中性,如果溶液中的主要养分是阳离子则可把溶液调至微碱性。如果是阴离子(如硝酸根和磷酸根等)则可调到微酸性。因为这样有利于作物对这些离子的吸收。

The acidity and alkalinity of the nutrient solution should be close to neutral, and the over-acidity and over-alkalinity are not good for the crops to absorb nutrients. Solution over-acid or over-base should be adjusted to near neutral by dilute acid or base. If the main nutrients in the solution are cations, the solution can be adjusted to slightly alkaline. If it is an anion (such as nitrate and phosphate, etc.) can be adjusted to slightly acidic. Because it helps the crops to absorb these ions.

(4)溶液要喷在叶背上。因叶背的气孔多,组织又较疏松,养分容易渗入,而且叶背溶液干得慢,如是禾谷类作物也可两面喷,因叶面也有不少气孔。如果喷施一些在植物体中不易移动的养分,如硼、钙、铁、锰、钼、锌,一般要注意喷在新梢新叶上。由于根外施肥应进行两次以上,可隔7-10天喷一次。

4) spray the solution on the back of the leaf. Because the back of the leaf more loose tissue, nutrients easy to penetrate, and the back of the leaf solution dry slowly, such as cereal crops can also be sprayed on both sides, because there are many stomatal. If spraying some nutrients in the plant body is not easy to move, such as Boron, calcium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, generally pay attention to spray in the new shoots on the new leaves. If extra-root fertilization should be carried out more than twice, it can be sprayed once every 7-10 days.

.后指出,根外施肥虽然有许多优点,但毕竟作物从其中吸收的数量仍然很少,而且考虑到我国当前机械化程度不高,能源不足,完全用根外施肥代替土壤根部施肥是不适当的,特别是大量营养元素,还是应该以土壤施肥为主,根外施肥为辅助相结合的方法为适宜。

Finally, it is pointed out that although external fertilization has many advantages, the amount of fertilizer absorbed by crops is still very small.Considering the low level of mechanization and the lack of energy in China, it is not appropriate to apply fertilizer outside root instead of soil root, especially macronutrient elements It is more suitable to apply fertilizer outside root instead of soil root.

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