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什么叫做作物营养临界期、临界值和营养.大效率期?

作物的营养临界期和.大效率期与施肥效果关系.密切。The nutrition critical period and maximum efficiency period of crops are …

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作物的营养临界期和.大效率期与施肥效果关系.密切。

The nutrition critical period and maximum efficiency period of crops are most closely related to the fertilization effect.

营养临界期是指作物在某一个生育时期对养分的要求虽然数量不多,但如果缺少或过多或营养元素间不平衡,对作物生长发育造成显著不良影响的那段时间。对大多数作物来说,临界期一般出现在生长初期,磷的临界期出现较早,氮次之,钾较晚。所以在生产中常用磷肥作种肥以保证作物生长初期获得足够的磷素。氮的营养临界期,水稻在三叶期和幼穗分化期;小麦、玉米在分蘖初期和幼穗分化期。钾的营养临界期,水稻在分蘖初期和幼穗形成期。据研究,水稻分蘖期钾含量在1.0%以下时则分蘖停止;在幼穗形成期如含钾量在1.0%以下,则每穗粒数显著减少。

Nutritional critical period refers to the period during which a crop requires little nutrients in a certain growth period, but the lack or excess of nutrients or the imbalance of nutrient elements will cause significant adverse effects on the growth and development of crops.For most crops, the critical period generally appears in the early growth stage, The critical period of phosphorus appears earlier Nitrogen comes next, and potassium comes later.So in the production of often used as seed fertilizer to ensure that the early growth of crops to get enough phosphorus.The critical stage of nitrogen nutrition, the three leaf stage and the young panicle differentiation stage of rice;Wheat and maize in the early tillering and panicle differentiation stage.The critical period of potassium nutrition in rice is early tillering and young panicle formation.According to research, tillering stops when K content is below 1.0% at tillering stage.The number of grains per panicle decreased significantly when potassium content was less than 1.0% during panicle formation.

临界值是作物体内养分低于某一浓度时,它的生长量或产量显著下降,并表现出养分缺乏症状,此时的养分浓度称为“营养临界”值。如上述的水稻分蘖期和幼穗形成期钾的临界值就是1.0%。

The critical value is that when the nutrient in the crop is lower than a certain concentration, the growth or yield of the crop decreases obviously, and the crop shows the symptom of nutrient deficiency. For example, the critical value of potassium at tillering stage and young panicle formation stage is 1.0% .

在不同时期所施用的肥料对增产的效果有很大的差别,其中有一个时期肥料的营养效果好,这个时期称为营养.大效率期。也就是各单位养分获得的经济产量.高。.大效率往往与作物需要养分.多的时期相一致。据研究,豌豆.大效率期是在它生长15—40天时间;茄子是从开始结果到盛果期;玉米在喇叭口形成至抽雄时是氮、钾.大效率期限 ,开花至乳熟期是磷的.大效率期。

The effect of fertilizer application in different periods is different, and there is a period of fertilizer nutrition effect is good, this period is called nutrition maximum efficiency period. That is, the economic output of each nutrient is the highest. Maximum efficiency tends to coincide with the period when crops need the most nutrients. According to the research, the most efficient period of PEA is 15 ~ 40 days, eggplant is from the beginning of fruiting to the full fruiting period, corn is from the trumpet mouth to Tasseling is the most efficient period of nitrogen and potassium, and flowering to milk is the most efficient period of phosphorus.

各种作物的营养.大效率期是不同的,我们可通过田间试验确定。方法是将作物生育期划分成几个明显不同的阶段,然后每个阶段施同量的肥料,看哪个阶段的经济产量.高,那个阶段就是营养.大效率期。

The maximum nutrient efficiency period of different crops is different, which can be determined by field experiment. The idea is to divide the growing season into distinct stages, and then apply the same amount of fertilizer to each stage to see which produces the highest economic yield, and which is the nutrient efficiency period.

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